Composite doped emeraldine–polyethylene oxide-bonded lithium-ion nano-tin anodes with electronic–ionic mixed conduction

Mixed-conducting lithium-ion doped emeraldine polyaniline (PAni)–polyethylene oxide (PEO) blends have been developed to achieve an optimal electronic– ionic conductivity balance in nano-tin composite anodes. Electrochemical evaluation was performed on the anodes with differing electrode preparation procedures, doping methods and PEO contents. Results indicate that both good electronic and ionic conductivity in the binder are required for rapid lithium insertion/extraction and low polarization. This doped PAni–PEO polymer blend is an attractive binder for high capacity composite anodes with low polarization. D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.